Fuel pumping and distributing device



Oct. 31, 1944., l-HGH 7 2,361,399

FUEL PUMPING .AND DISTRIBUTING DEVICE Filed A ril 4, 1940 s Sheets-Sheet1 Oct. 31, 1944. w an HIGH I FUEL PUMPING AND DISTRIBUTING DEVICE FiledApril 4, 194 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY.

FUEL PUMPING AND DISTRIBUTING DEVICE Filed April 4, 1.940. 6Sheets-Sheet 6 I V 190 I 5g 20 .21 INV'ENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented ct. 3-1, 1944 k I I -rrso srA TEsif oF FlE, roar. PUMPINg#:DlSTltIlsUTiNG a Carl F. High, Muskegon. Mich 'assignor, by m'esneassignments, to Ex-Cell-O Eorporation, Detroit, Mich, a corporation-oflifichigan Application April 4, 1940. Serial No. 327,834 13 Claims. (01.123-139) My invention relates to' liquid fuel injectors metering meansincorporated with the fuel inand more particularly to one embodying afuel 'jector unit as illustrated in Fig. 1,

Pump and means for measuring and pumping Fig. 4A is a detail transversesectional view of liquid fuel to a plurality of engine cylinders. tirepump inlet taken on the line fill-4A of Fig. 1; p More particularly thepresent fuel pump is con- 5 Figs. 5A to 5G inclusive are views showingastructed and-arranged to include fuel metering series of positionsassumed by -the distributor means on the suction side of the pump and avalve in distributing the fuel to the ultimate pump plungeroperable intimed relation with the p e of Consumption, is View particularly lengine which drivessame to pump liquid fuel and trating the series. ofpesitiens umed by the-- to'distribute same to a plurality of fuel outletdistributo v e in ist i ti t iquid. u to means. More particularly myvinvention emthe conduits leading to the engine cylinders,

bodies a pumpplunger driven with a combined 1 g.- 6 is a fragment y ened. a sv e reciprocating and rotating motion. sectional view through thedistributor valve taken In some embodiments of my invention, thesubstantially on the-line 6-6 of Fig-l, x

pump plunger which is operable to distribute the Fig. '7 is an enlargeddetail sectional 'viewof 4 fuel is constructed to discharge fuel fromone or the liq fuel throttle Valve Showing. 1low t more dischargepassages which may register at fuelis 'metered as the same is introducedinto predetermined periods with separate and distinct the int ke passageleadin to the suction side of discharge passages in the pump housing. orwith t e p p. a ta s b a y 0n t e li a single discharge passage leadingto 'a'liquid fuel "l---'! of Fig. 4, I distributing device.

Another object of-my present invention is to i c r t Co structed similartoFig- 1 y Fig.8 is a fragmentary sectional view of a fuel facilitateengine operation by providing a fuel showing I modified fuel intakeconstruction e pumping, metering and distributing unit of combodying afiltering device,- pact design and of economical construction which Fig.9"is a plan view of another type of fuel makes possible the assembly ofthe pumping i injector device particularly constructed for as-- with anaircraft engine power plant, sembly with a four cylinder engine, andhaving Other objects of my invention relate tovarious a pair of p mpunitsand e p 11f.of fuel outlets features of construction and operationembodyassociated With each p mp'u ing improved controlling and operatingdevices 10 iS a side elevationel V a fuel and improved means forlubricating the moving jester device illustrated in F parts of the unit.Fig. 11 is a longitudinal sectional .view through For a more detailedunderstanding of my in-- this device taken on the line I l-ll of Fig. 9,vention, reference may be had to the accompany- Fi 11A is a detailedtransverse sect on l View ing drawings illustrating various preferredem- '35 ofthe pump discharge taken on the line lIA-l IA bodiments of myinvention and illustrating in 0f detail the various features .andimprovements as 1 s detail transverse sectional hereinafter described,and in which like parts i of the pump inlet passages taken substantiallyon,

are identified by like reference characters the e -HB Of Fig. 11

throughout th Several views, and in which; Fig. 12-is a transversesectional view of the Fig. 1 is a longitudinal secti nal i throughinjector taken substantially on the line -I2--l2 my fuel injector pumpembodying a rotating n of- Fig. 9 and showing the intake fuel meteringreciprocating Dump plunger and a distributing valve which embodiesaneccentric throttle 'valve.

device all of which are operated from a single Operable t ut off e fl0f-f11el; driving element driven by the engine associated i 13 s afragmentary s ti View. s

therewith, this fuel injector device being particuing a mo i edfuel'meterin valve construct vlarly constructed for assembly with aseven cyl- Fig. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of 'aninder radialengine and'timed to provide a fuel other type f fuel inje t unt d di ecty o injection to each cylinder of the engine oncefor an engine andincorporating additional struceach two revolutions of the enginecrankshaft, tural features as will be hereinafter described in Fig. 2 isa transverse sectional view on the line detail. 2-4, Fig. 1'. reducedin. scale and illustrating I 15 is an elevational view of an injector ofmeans for driving the plurality of pumping inmodified construction,strumentalities, w .Fig] 16 i a detailed sectional view of the Fig. 3 isa transverse sectional view taken on modified construction shown iriFig. 15 in which the line 3'- of Fig. 1, and illustrating iii-detail theinterconnected air and .fuel throttle'means the pump unit and. itsrelation with the fuel disare relatively adjustable, said view beingtaken charge passages in the pump housing, substantially on the line.l6-l6 of Fig. 1'7,

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view on the line Fig. 17 is a plan viewof the construction shown Q i ust at g n detail the fuel intake '60 inFig. 16 and illustrating in detail the adjustport,

Fig. 25A is a similar sectional view showing the the fuel intake anddischarge passages and the plurality of pump units incorporated with thestructure shown in Fig. 19 and taken substan: tially on the line 20'2llof Fig. 19,

Fig. 21 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 2I2l. of Fig.19 and illustrating in detailthe liquid fuel metering valve,-

Fig. 22 is a transverse sectional view of another type of fuel injectorin general similar to sectional view Fig. 20 and showing the fuel intakeand discharge passages particularly constructed for an injector adaptedfor assembly with an eight cylinder engine,

Fig. 23 is a detail elevational view showing a fuel injector assembledwith a multi-cylinder engine and illustratingparticularly the fuelconduits or lines connecting the injector with the several enginecylinders,'

Fig.- 24 is a fragmentary sectional view of an injector of modifiedconstruction adapted for assembly direct on an enginesimilarly as theinjector illustrated in Fig. 14, a

Fig. 25 is a sectional. detail view of a multiple outlet injector pumpplunger showing the inlet outlet ports, 1

Fig. 26 is a sectional detail view of another form of multiple outletinjector pump plunger showing the inlet port, and

Fig; 26 A i's a similar sectional view showing the outlet ports.

Referring more particularly to the injector il lustrated in Figs. 1 to 8inclusive, it will be noted that this construction is particularlydesigned for application with an engine having an odd number ofcylinders and more particularly the injector proper is provided with anodd number of liquid fuel outlets. .This particular construction isespecially designed for assembly with a particularly compact and lightin. weight so as to be applicable to an aircraft engine.

The fuel injector comprises a composite hous ing' structure A consistingof complementary housing sections or portions a, b, c, dand e. Thehousing portion a carries abearing ill for supporting a central drivingshaft H to which is pinned a beveled gear l2 meshing with a beveled gearl3 driven in any'suitable manner from an engine driven. element. It.will be noted that the driving shaft l|--is preferably driven at a.

speed which is 2V; :2 of-engine crankshaft speed. The inner end of -thedriving shaft II is supported in a'bearing ll carried by the housingportionb and carries an intermediate pinion l5 [arid a second pinion l6located adjacent the inner end thereof.

Housing portion 0 is'cast with a plurality, of pump cylinders II inwhich the -.rotat1ng and reciprocating pump units It are operable. Thepump cylinders (three in number) are nested about the central driveshaft II and are preferably equally angularly spaced fromeach other andare located. substantially equidistant from the drive shaft ll. Saidcasing 0 also supports the rotating distributor valve 19 which valve isprovided with a gear or pinion 20 at one end meshing with the gear l6carried by the drive shaft and a pinion 2| at theother end, this pinionor gear 2| forming the driving element of a pump for pumping liquid fuelinto the receiving chamber 22 carried by housing portion 0.

The ratio between the gear 20 and pinion I6 is such as to drive thedistributor rotor l9 at a speed so that the same will rotate onecomplete revolution for each two revolutions of the engine crankshaft,in other words, at one half engine crankshaft speed. The ratio betweengear 20 and pinion I6 is 2 /31. with the gear 23 pinned or otherwisesecured to the pump plunger I8 is 1:2 so that these pump plungers arerotated at a speed which is onehalf the speed' of the driving shaft ll.

The liquid fuel enters into the intake duct 24 in housing portion e fromthe feed line 25 and. is pumped into chamber 22. Referring particularlyto Figs. 1 and 4 it will'be observed that the fuel is introducedinto-the depending intake pipe 26 and then into the intake passage 21formed .by the drilled hole in the housing structure which extendssubstantially transverse thereof, substantially normal to the axis ofthepump plunger 0 IS. A liquid fuel metering valve is fitted into this idrilled hole 21" and consists of a stem 28' which may be angularlyadjusted manually to control the amount of fuel. admitted into theintake passage 29 leading to the liquid fuel pump.-

This valve is; constructed to provide a. sleeve-like cylinder extension29' (see Fig. 7) which has an internal bore 30 and a transverse port 3|which is ,angularly adjusted the opening into the pocket communicateswith a segmental crescent shaped groove or slot 32. The 'fuel which isintroduced into chamber 21 enters the bore 30 thence flowing through theport 3!, cresent groove 32, and into the pocket 33. It will be notedthat as the valve 33 at 34 is adjusted'ln area, and it maybe observedthat as this valve is adjusted in the direction as indicated by thearrow 35. (Fig. 7) that the area of the opening at 34 will be increasedto permit-the flow of a greater volume of fuel into the pocket 33. Thispocket 33 communicates with seven cylinder radial engine and isconstructed I the intake passage 29 through a port 36, and preferably Iassemble a fuel pressure equalizer fixture or fuel distributing controldevice '31 in this port 36 which fixture is slotted at one end as at 38and provides an internal passage 39 through which th liquid fuel flowson its way to the fuel pump. The slot 38 is preferably arranged toextend at substantially right angles to the flow of fuel. This insert islocated to provide a restricted opening at 38:: so that substantiallyall the fuelmust enter into the fixture 31 through the ends of the slot38. The internal bore of fixture 31 is substantially uniform in crosssection throughout its entire length and the fuel, either in a liquidform or semi-gaseous state attains a degre of equilibrium as it flowsthrough this fixture and will be substantially uniformly distributed topassages 29 and 2911. A plug All is fitted within the bore 30 of thevalve and carries an extension M of reduced diameter which extendsacross the port 3! and serves to reduce the volume of the intake passage30 to reduce the effect of liquid fuel surge to facilitate the normalfiow of liquid fuel through the port St.

The position of the pump plunger la in Fig. l

is at th beginning of intake or at the end of dis- The ratio of thepinion l5 charge. This plunger reciprocated by means of a. Wobble platecam 42 which is splined. with a reduced diameter portion 53 of thepinion l5.

The gears 23 are provided with a spherical recessed portion 44 in whichis seated the convex cam follower 45 having a fiat face engaging the camsurface 46 of the cam 42. As this cam is rotated the plunger is forcedvinwardly of the pump cylinder 41 against the resistance of spring 68,this spring 48 exerting a force outwardly so as to maintain the camfollower E5 constantly in contact With the cam surface 46. In theposition illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4A, it will be noted that theintake passage 49 of the pump plunger is moving into registration withthe passage 29 v as the pump plunger is begirming its outward movement.The liquidfuel is thus'introduced into the pump chamber 50 as indicatedby arrow 5!, said fuel filling the chamber 50 which in its spacedposition will have a length as indicated at 52. The intake cyclewill-.take place substantially for about a 90 degree angular travel ofthe plunger 48, and, as the'intake closes the outlet passage 53 isbrought into registration with the outlet passage 54 in the housingportion 0. At

this time the plunger I8 is at the upper end,

of its stroke and is beginning the pumping stroke, said plunger nowbeginning to displace the fuel and force same through the internalpassage 55 in said pump plunger through said-discharge passage 53 intopassage 54 and thence through the intake 56 in the distributor valve isand into the internally drilled hole or passage 51, from which passagethe liquid fuel is caused to flow through the passages .58, tothevarious fuel outlets. It will be observed'that in the position shown inFig. v1, the passage outlet 58 connected with cylinder I, is inregistration with the uppermost port 59 in the distributor valve body.The

timing of the distributor valve and the pump held in registration withthe various outlet passages 58 concurrently with the registration ofpump outlet passages 53 with'passages 5d and thus a column of fuel issuccessively moved through the said passage to the various dischargepassages 58. In Figs. 5A to 50 inclusive I have.

illustrated diagrammatically how these discharge passages 58, which'leadto the various engine cylinders are successively brought into registrartion with the discharge ports 59,5941, 5%,590,

59d, 59c and 591 of the distributor valve I9.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic time diagram showing the relationship of eachof the distributor valve discharge ports with the discharge passages 58.In order to conserve length it will be noted properly p'roportioning thegears which drive the distributor valve, l9 and the pump plungers l8.

It will be noted that the parts a, b, c, d and e ofthe pump housing aresecured together by suitable bolts, the bolts 60 securing parts a, b and0 together while the bolts 6! secure the parts (1 and e to portion c.

The various moving parts of the above described mechanism are lubricatedas will hereinafter be described. The lubricating oil is introduced intothe passage 62 in housing portion a and thence fed into the circulargroove 63 then through the transverse passage or duct 64- into thecentral 'or axial drilled passage or hole 65 in the driving shaft H. Thelubricating oil enters the chamber 66 formed by spacing the inner end ofshaft 1 i from the wall 61 of the housing and is then fed through thepassage 68 into the an-' nular chamber 69 about the pump cylinder H, andthrough the transverse duct 10 into an' annular groove H on the pumpplunger. Some of this lubricating oil is thus allowed to spread in afilm on the surface of the pump cylinder to lubricate same andsome isfed outwardly of the pump plunger through the central axial passage 12to the upper end thereof and through the v v passage 13 to lubricatethecamsurface 6. The

pump plunger is provided with an annular groove 14 intermediate thegroove H and the fuel outlet passages 53. The cylindrical portion of thepump plunger cylinder intermediate port 10 and port 15, which latterport communicates with the annular groove 14 has a very close fit .Withthe plunger in order to minimize leakage '40 plunger is such that thevarious. ports 59 are that the discharge passages 58 leading tocylinders I, 2, 3 and 4 arealigned one above the other in on plane whilethe passages 58 leading to cyi-lnders '5, 6, and l are aligned one abovethe other in anothenplane. i

. It will be noted that the pump plunger i8 is continuously rotating andcarries a pair of oppositely extending discharge passages 53 angularly'spaced 180 degrees apart. The pump has two discharges for eachrevolution and each discharge enters the common discharge passage 56.

The construction of the three pump plungers' shown in detail in Hg. -3is such that for every rotation of the distributor valve, one ofthesep'ump plungers discharge passage 53 is brought into registrationwith the passage 54 and a predetermined volume of liquid fuel is movedthrough the system and discharged into an engine cylinder. This isaccomplished by of the lubricating oil into the annular groove 14. .1preferably provide a'system in which the oil pressure forcing thelubricating oil to the various elements to be lubricated is greater thanthe fuel pressure and therefore if there is any leakage resulting inintermingling of the fuel and lubricating oil, the lubricating oil leaksinto the fuel, instead of the fuel leaking into the lubri eating. oil.The drain passage 15 obviously drains any leakage of fuel and oil alongthe surface of the pump plunger back into the intake chamber 22, and anyminute portion of the lubricating oil which may find its Way into thechamber 22 is readily carried along with the fuel and burned in theengine.

In Fig. 8 I have illustrated a modified construction andhave shown aportion of an injector substantially similar in construction andoperation to that illustrated in Fig. 1. This modified construction ismore compact and is provided with an intake valve structure and includesan intake passage 8| connected with a chamber 82 formed by a glass bell83. secured to the under side of the injector housing. The liquid fuelis caused to flow from chamber 82 through a filter screen 84, thenceinto passage 85 and into an'intake chamber 22' similar'in purpose of theintake chamber 22.

' 92 functioning the same as driving shaft H as described in connectionwith the injector illustrated in Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive. In view of thefast that this injector is designed for application cam face 91 issplined to the gear teeth 03 as The timing of the pumpplunger is such asto provide an intake period for filling thepump chamber IIIi with liquidfuel'and then as the the two pump plungers 95. A. cam 06 having a at 98and it will be noted that in this case the gear ratio between the gear94 and gear 93 is 2:1 while the cam 96 is rotated at the same speed asthe drive shaft 92. It will therefore heob-- served that the plungers 95aremoved up and down two complete strokes for each complete rotation. a

The liquid fuel is introduced to the injector.

pump from the fuel line 99 into the intake port I (see Fig. 12). A fuelmetering valve structure I0 I is supported by the boss 'I 02 of thehousing and comprises a tubular sleeve I03 preferably angularly adjustedmanually by the arm I04, this sleeve I03 being provided with a segmentalcrescent shaped V-groove I05 and transverse' port I06 similar inconstruction. and operation to the valve 29 shown in Fig. 7. The fuel ismetered by adjustably positioning this valve sleeve I03 and controls thecolumn of fuel admitted into the fuel intake passages I01. Pref-- erablya fuel pressure equalizer fixture I08 is assembled in the fuel intakepassage in the same manner as in the injector constructed for sevencylinder engine operation and illustrated in Fig. 1. In addition thisfuel metering valve carries an eccentric shut-off valve I09 manuallyactuated by arm H0 and serving as a manual fuel mixture control. 'In theposition shown in Fig.

12, the eccentric shut-ofl' valve is in open po-' plunger is moved todisplace .the fuel in this chamber IIIi the discharge port or passageII3.is brought into registrationwitheither the passage H4 or II5 todischarge the fuel intoone of the fuel lines II1 leading to the enginecylinders.

The fundamental-principle of operation .of the pumping unitshownin'Figs. 9 to 13 inclusive is substantially the's'ame as thepumping unit illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7-inclus ive. In the pumpingunit, first described, the pump plunger had two discharge passages 53which. were successively brought into registration with the passage 54of the pump housing. In the latterly described injector, the pump unitincludes a plunger having an outlet or discharge passage-or port H3which is successively brought into registration with'angu-j larly spacedoutlet passages I I4 and I I5 in the housing. Therefore, it is readilyapparent that the pump plunger in both instances serves as apumpsequence to outlet-'passagesunder pressure for sition but itwill bereadily seen that same can be moved to vary the size of the port. I06.

The port I06 is made of a size to take-care of maximum-fuel demands ofthe engine at ground level and the flow of fuel through this orifice orportis dependent on the atmospheric pressure at the altitude-at whichthe aircraft is flown. It will be understood that the atmospherepressure forces both the fuel through port I03 and the air into theengine, therefore when the valveis adjusted for correct proportioning'offuel and airat ground it is correctly adjusted for any altitudewhere'reduced atmospheric pressure is effective. It will be observed that thefuel introduced into thepassage I01 may flow in either direction towardeither .of the pump plungers 95. The pump plunger is provided withacentral drilled hole I II and communicating therewith are thetransverse passages I I2, which are successively and periodi callybrought into registration with the intake passage I01. In fact it willbe noted that there are two intake periods for each rotation of the pumpplungeras first one of the passages II2 is brought into registrationwith passage I01 and then when the plunger .has rotated through an angleof 180 degrees the other intake passage H2 is brought into registrationwith passage I01 (see Fig. 113). The pump plunger 95 is provided with anoutlet or discharge passage I I3 communicating with the center passage II I. It will be noted that on rotation of the plunger this dischargepassage H3 is successively brought into registration with the fueloutlet passages II 4 and I I5. These passages II4. and H5 are located180 degrees apart around the pump plunger and therefore'there is atimeinterval of substantially 180 de rees in rotation of the pumpplunger between the intake opening point for these passages H4 and H5.

conduction to separate engine cylinders where the fuelis burned. Y Theinjector particularly illustrated in Fig. 11

is constructed to provide for lubrication of the 92 and is-fed upwardlythrough the drilled hole I22 into the oil chamber I24 formed at theupper" endof the drive shaft 92whichis spaced from the wa1l,I25-of theinjector housing. Oil is fed from the drilled hole I22 through 5311ducts I25 to lubri-' cate the bearings I21 which support the inner endof the drive shaft 32. The injector housing is provided with laterallyextending oil. grooves I23 conducting the lubricating oil fromchafnberI24 to the external cylindrical surface of thepump plunger-s I25, saidlubricating oil being fed to the annular grooves 129 carried by the pumpplungers and fed downwardly through the 'longi-;

tudinal grooves I30 to. lubricate the pump cylinder surface I3I. Thatportion of the pump plunger indicated by the reference character I32preferably has atight fit within the pump cylinder to minimize leakageof'the lubricating oil toward the fuel pumping portion of] the plunger.

Such lubricating oil as may leak by this portion I32 iscollected intheannular groove I33. and conducted away through the passage I34 into thereturn line I35. -As is the case with the construction illustratedin-Fig. 7, the lubricating oil introduced into this injector isunder a.pressure greater than the fuel pressure and therefore if any leakageoccurs the lubricating oil .will leak into the fuel reservoir instead ofthe fuel leak ing into the lubricating oil system. Ihereturn line. I35may be connected with the intake side of the pump by a duct I35 (seeFig. 12). A stop pin I31 is mounted or secured to the housingtolimit'travel of arm H0 and I04.

The modified construction illustrated in Fig.

'13 shows a modified type of fuel metering valve ing valve illustratedin Fig. 4. This valve consists of a valve stem I31 having a segmentalcresent shaped metering groove I38 and is ad- ,justable by manuallymoving the arm I39. The

adjustment of the valve is limited by "the stop pin I40. A pin MI iscarried by the valve stem and is similar in construction and operationto the pin M shown in Fig. 4.

In Fig. 18 I have illustrated an installation of a fuel injector inconjunction with an engine C and a fuel tank T. The injector designatedas a whole by reference character I is similar in these lines 25 andI42'respectively. It will be noted that the present installationprovides a gravity feed and the fuel from the tank to the injector, thissystem being preferred in many instances although it will be understoodthat the injector may be fed from a low pressure fuel. pump if sodesired instead of by gravity from an elevated fuel tank. The lowpressure fuel pump 2| as illustrated in- Fig. 1 may serve toinitially-feed fuel into the injector intake chamber.

The principle of my invention may be, if desired; incorporated in a fuelinjector applicable to installation or mounting directly'on the side ofthe cylinder block and constructed to operate together with an aircontrolled means. This particular application is illustrated in Figs. 14to 17- inclusive. prises an engine structure E which has an intakechamber I48, connected in open communication with the engine cylindersI49 through ports I50; A driving worm gear I5I driven by the engine, andpreferably carried drives a worm gear I52 gear I52 being pinned driveshaft I53. The

at a 1:1 ratio, said worm or otherwise secured to a pump plunger I54 isprovidedwith a tongue I55 fitted into .a slot I56 carmm by' the driveshaft I53, and it will be thus The, engine herein illustrated c0m-.

by the engine cam shaft;

the engine-is controlled together withthe fuel metering control, and ispreferably constructed to permit the flow of greater volumes of air intothe engine when the valve is adjusted to increase the flow of fuel tothe engine.

The fuel entering the injector is metered into the fuel intake passageI69 which conducts the fuel to the fuel intake port I19 carried by thepump plunger I54. The fuel will fill the pump chamber I1I on the suctionstroke of the pump plunger and when said pump plunger is moved todisplace the fuel in said chamber I1I said fuel iscaused to flow intopassage I12 under pressure and to be discharged through the dischargepassage' I13. pump plunger is successively brought into registrationwith the discharge the passages 514 and I15 leading respectively to thefuel spray nozzles I16 and I11 ,(see Fig. 17).

The construction and operation of the pump unit illustrated in detail inFigs. 14 to 17 inclusive is identical in construction and operation withthe fuel pump units illustrated in detail in Figs. 11, 11A and 113. Inthis construction the lubricating-oilfor lubricating the plunger isintroduced into the pump cylinder through the'oil I85. .It will be thusnoted that the pump plunger-is rotated at a speed 4 which is one-halfcrankshaft speed, or in other words the pump lution for. every p Thepump plunger carries airman which'rotates with the plunger and engagesthe roller I58 supported by the injector housing I59. This cam I51 hastwo high and two low points and thus the plunger is caused to'bereciprocated as the same rotates by reason of this cani action, thespring I urging the and holding the cam I51 times with the rollerI58.

plunger has'one complete revotwo revolutions of the crankshaft;

plunger downwardly in engagement at all The injector housing I59 isprovided with a I 'ful intake I6I, said fuel entering the drilledpassage I62 carried by the valve stem I63. The valve stem is providedwith a segmental crescent shaped V-groove I64, the groove communicatingwith the passage I62 by struction of this fuel metering valve issubstantially like that illustrated in Fig. 7 and said valve .isadjustable manually'by means of an arm I66 secured to the valve stem.The injector housing is provided with an intake air passage I61 and saidvalve stem carries a butterfly valve I68 for controlling the flow of airthrough said intake passage I 61. Thus the control of air intake to aport I65. The 'consubstantially similar "properly timed with passage I18which periodically communicates withthe annular groove I19 carried bythe pump plunger. Any leakage of lubricating oil or fuel along thesurface of the pump plunger is collected in the annular escapes throughthe port I8l' into theintake chamber I48 of the engine. Figs. 16 and 17illustrate a modified form of construction, which consists in providingan adjustable connection between the fuel metering valve and the airthrottle valve. The valve stem I63 is moved by manual operation of thearm I82, the arm having an' adjustable connection by to valve stem I84.The valvestem IE3 is connected to operate the butterfly valve I68controlling the air supply to the engine while the valve stem I84 isintegrally formed or otherwise suitably connected with the fuel meteringvalve noted thatI have provided an adjustment between the fuel meteringand air flow controlling valves.

The Pump units described in detail in connection withthe descriptionpertaining to Figs. 9 to 13 inclusive may be employed with'other typesof injectors. My injector is constructed for application withmulti-cylinder engines of most any type. Figs. 19;20- and 21 illustratea construction adapted for assembly with a six cylinder engine. In thisconstruction it will be noted that I hava'provided an iiijectorhavinithree pumping units designated spectively. In this construction asin theother constructions described above the fuel is arranged to be fed tothe injector through the inlet port pumping unit is constructed tosuccessively discharge fuel into the discharge, passages I91, each ofwhich is preferably individually connected with an engine cylinder. Themeans for reciprocat ing and rotating each of these units isconstructedto the means illustrated and described in connection withFig. 11, and are the engine crankshaft.

In Fig. 22 I have illustrated an injector struc- This discharge passageI13 of the groove I and same then means of the slot and pin connectionwith an arm "I83 secured ture which embodies four pumping units, each ofwhich are preferably operable-to successively inject fuel into a pair ofengine cylinders. The construction of the eight cylinder injector isfundamentally the same as that shown in Figs. 19 to 21 inclusive exceptthat the intake system comprises four intake passages I98 instead ofthree as illustrated in Fig. or two as illustrated in Fig. 11.

It will be noted that in all instances the fuel.

pumps are nested about a common drive element, equally angularly spacedfrom each other and positioned equidistant from said driving element.

Fig. 23 is diagrammatically illustrative of how these individual fuellines H1 may bearranged -for connection with separate engine cylinders.

Very obviously the injectors illustrated herein will be adaptable forassembly 'with various types 2,ao1,sea

the pump has a discharge at each 120 degree tion or from the scope ofthe ders. Obviously there are many details of construction, which arecommon to all forms of injectors described herein, and some details arespecific to one or more of the injectors only. It will be noted howeverthat in all injectors described herein that the same is very compactlyarranged, and the parts maybe manufactured and assembled with a minimumof cost. All

- parts are readily accessible for'minimizing service groove 2-andreturned to invention. 1

-. m' and the pump alimcer [fume o a h r ftii e wer or maintenanceexpenses.

In Fig. 24;1 have illustrated a modified injector constructionvembodying a pump-plunger 200 similar in construction to plunger I54 ofFig. 14, this plunger having fuel inlet passages 2M and fuel outletpassages 202. The injector body 2021s provided with a fuel intake204connected with the fuel line 205 and with the fuel chamber 206 locatedin close proximity to the .pump, cylinder '20! in which said plunger 200is operated. An adjustable metering valve 208 is supported by theinjector body; 203 and. is preferably manually actuated by means of alever 20 9 to vary the amount of fuel allowed" to flow through the port'2) connecting the fuel chamher 208 and the pump intake passage 20!.

Any vaporization of fuel in cham berjflfiamay a readily pass outthroughjheduefntake 2M and fuel line 205 so as to insure the intake ofliquid fuel into the pump. Also the port 210 isrelalivelyjhortaorflofiininimum length to minimize the tendency ofany'fuel vapor -.to form and collect in the port 2". any fuel which mayescape along the pump barrel is collected in the annular and the annulargroove 2l2 the passage 2, constructed aboutthe' metering valve guide 2ll.

principles of ray-invention may be readily incorporated in the modifiedconstructions as illustrated-mm 25 and 26.1 An inlectorpump maybeconstructed with more andzstill 'eome'withinth scope of my presentwitli'a sinkhfuel inlet-2i! andthree outlets 2ll has'three fuel body 22!isprovided 1 angular travel of the pump plunger. I

In Fig. 26, the same principles of construction are embodied as in otherforms illustrated herein. The pump plunger 225 has four fuel inlets 226which are successively brought into registration with the fuel inlet221. The pump plunger is reciprocated four times per revolution and hasarfuel outlet 228 which is successively moved into registration with thefuel outlets 229 in the injector body 230.

In these modified constructions the proper gearing must be selected toimpart thedesired reciprocation and rotation to the pump plunger.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which my inventionpertains that. various modifications and changes may be made thereinwithout departing, from the spirit of my invenappended claims.

I claim: I

1. A fuel injector for a six cylinder internal combustion enginecomprising" a housing structure, driving means driven by said engine andsupported. centrally of said housing, three fuel pumps nested about saiddriving means and equally spaced about and located equi-distant fromsaid driving means, each fuel pump including a pump plunger having asingle discharge port and supported for combined rotation andreciprocation about axes extending substantially parallel to the axis ofthe driving means, each of said fuel pumps having a pair 'of dischargeoutlets, means connecting each of said outlets with an engine cylinder,means supported by said housing. structure for drivingly connecting eachof said pump plungers to said driving means, anda common fuel inletmeans for all said fuel pumps.

2. A fuel injector for an eight cylinder internal combustion enginecomprising a housing structure, driving means driven by said engine andsupportedcentrally or said housing, four "fuel pumps nested about saiddriving means and j reciprocation about axes extending equally spacedabout and located equi-distant from said driving means, each fuel pumpincluding a pump plunger having a single discharge port and supported.for combined rotation and substantially parallel to the axis of thedriving means, each of. said fuel pumps having a pair of dischargeoutlets, means connecting each of said outlets with an engine cylinder,means supported by said the intake (through V y tant from said drivingmeans, said injector bethan two/outlets cessively distribute chargeoutlets, means: connecting each of said inlets errand accentedto-reciprocate,

housing structure for drivingly connecting each ot said pump plungers tosaid driving means,

and a common fuel inlet means for all said fuel pumps.

3. Afuel injector for an even number multicylinder internal combustionengine comprising a housing structure, driving means driven by saidengine and supported centrally of said housing, fuel pumps nested aboutsaid driving means and equally :spaced about and located equi-dislngprovided with half the number of fuel pumps as there are enginecylinders, each fuel pump including a pump plunger having a singledischarge part. and supported for combined rotation and reciprocationabout a-flxed axis extendinssubstantially parallel to the axis of thedrivin: means, each of said fuel pumps hearing a pairof dischargeoutlets, said driving means operable to rotate said pump plungers tosucthe fuel to said pair of. disutlets'with anengine cylinder, meanssupported 7 by said housing structure for drivingly connectmg each ofsaid pump plungers to said driving means, a common fuel inlet means forall said fuel pumps, and fuel metering means associated with said fuelinlet means.

4. A fuel injector for a four cylinder internal combustion engine havinga crankshaft and including a housing structure, a common driving meansdriven by said engine and supported centrally of said housing, a pair offuel pumps operable about fixed axes and positionedsubstantiallydiametrically opposite to each other with respect to said driving meansand substantially equi-distant therefrom, each fuel pump including acylinder having outlet ports positioned substantially diametricallyopposite to each drivingly connecting each of said pump plungers to saiddrivingmeans, and a common fuel inlet means for all said fuel pumps.

7. A fuel metering and pumpingassem'bly for a multi-cylinder fuelinjection engine comprising, a housing provided with a plurality ofpumping cylinders each having a fuel inlet port and 'annularly spacedoutlet ports, a central source of fuel supply connected with all saidinlet ports 'andincluding a regulable fuel metering means operable tometer the fuel as same is supplied to all said pump cylinder inletports, a pump plunger operable in each of saidpump cylinders other and apump plunger having a single discharge port and operable in saidcylinder, means drivingly connecting each of said pump plungers t saiddriving means and consisting of means imparting a combined rotating andreciprocating motion to said pump plungers in which same is reciprocatedtwice for each revolution thereof whereby to successively distribute thefuel to said cylinder outlet ports, the operation of said driv-- ingmeans and said pump plungers being timed to the engine operation toeffect four discharges of fuel from said fuel pumps, two discharges fromeach pump,'f0r eachtworevolutionsof said engin crankshaft.

5. A fuel injector for a multi-cylinderinternal combustion enginecomprising a housing structure, engine driven means supportedsubstantially centrally of said housing, a plurality of fuel pumpsoperable about fixed axes and compactly groupedabout said engine drivenmeans, each pump including 'a cylinder having diametrically opposedoutlet ports and a pump plunger havingap ingle discharge port, and aplurality of intermeEate driving-means drivingly connecting said pumpplungers with said engine driven means and'including a common drivegear, said intermediate drivingmeans con-3 sisting of cam means and spurgearing operable to reciprocate and rotate said plungers relative totheir own fixed axes in timed relation withsaid gearing, whereby tooperate said pump plungers in timed relation to each other and to saidengine operation. 1

6. A fuel injector for a multi-cylinder internal combustion enginecomprising a housing structure, driving means driven by said engine andsupported centrally of said housing, of fuel pumps nested aboutanddrivingly' connected with said driving means and equally spaced aboutand located equi-distant from said a plurality and provided withfuel'inlet and outlet passages cooperating with said pump cylinder inletand outlet ports, and a common central pump driving mechanism actuatingall of said pump plungers with a combined rotating and recipro-.

- eating motion to pumpsaid metered volume of fuel and successivelydistribute same to said pump cylinder outlet ports, said pump drivingmechanism being timed with engine operation to successively discharge ametered volume of fuel fromall said pumps for distribution to the enginecylinders in a predetermined sequence.

8, A fuel metering and pumping assembly for a multi-cylinder-fuelinjection engine comprising, a housing Provided with a plurality ofpump-f ing cylinders each having afuel inlet port and annularlyspaced"outlet"pofts,a"central source of fuel supply connected with allsaid inlet ports and including a manually controlled regulable fuelmetering valve associated with said source of fuelsupply and operable tometer the fuel as same is supplied to all said pump. cylinder.

inlet ports, a pump plunger operable in each of said pump cylinders andprovided with fuel inlet and outlet passages cooperating with said pumpcylinder inlet and outlet ports, and a common central pump drivingmechanism actuating, all of a combined rotating said pump plungers withand reciprocating motion to pumpsaid metered \volume of fuelandsuccessivelydistribute same -.'-to said pump cylinder outlet ports,said pump driving means, said fuel pumps each having a plurality ofdischarge outlets connected with said engine cylinders, said injectorbeing provided with a plurality of fuel pumps, less in number than thetotal number of engine cylinders, said total number of engine cylindersbeing a multi- Mple of the total number of fuel pumps, each fuel pumpincludingihump plunger driven with a combined rotating and reciproatifig motionabout a fixed axis extending substantiallyparallel to theaxis of the driving means for successively dis- I to the enginecylinders in a plunger operable in each of said pump cylinders tributingthe fuel through said plurality of dis- 1 charge outlets and thence tosaid engine cylinders, each of said fuel pumps having the samenumber ofdischarge outlets, 'thedischarge outlets of-.all said fuel pumps beingequal to the total number of engine cylinders, means connecting each ofsaid outlets with an engine cylinder,

mean supported by said housing structurefor successively distributeinder outlet ports said pump and provided with fuel inlet and outletpassages cooperating with said pump cylinder inlet and outlet ports, anda common central pump driving a mechanism actuating all of said' pumpplungers with a combined rotating and reciprocating motion to pump saidmetered volumegf fuel and same to said pump cyl- 7' driving mechanismbeing'timed with engine operation to successively discharge a meteredvolume of fuel from all said pumps for distribution to theenginecylinders ima predetermined sequence, the pump.

plungers operable to have two reciprocating cycles ijor each complete,rotation thereof-to bring. said plunger outlet port into successiveregis-v tration with said two cylinder outlet ports, said 1 pumpcylinder to register said inlet ports of said pump plunger and cylinderonly when the outlet ports of said pump plunger and cylinder are out ofregister.

10. A fuelmetering and pumping assembly for a multi-cylinder fuelinjection engine comprising, a housing providedwith a plurality ofpumping cylindersjeach having a fuel inlet port and annularly spacedoutlet ports, a central source I orfuetsupplyiconnectedrwithalleeinlet-ports and including a regulable fuel metering means operable to"meter the'fuel as same is supplied to all said pump cylinder inletports, a pump plunger operable ineach Of said pump cylinders andprovided" with fuel inlet andoutlet passagescooperating withsaid pumpcylinder inlet and 'outlet'ports, and a common central pump drivingmechanismactuating all of said pump plung- V l vers with a combinedrotating and reciprocating motion to pump said metered-volume of fueland.

successively distributesameto said pump cylinder outlet ports, said pumpdriving mechanism timed with engine operation to successivelydischarges. metered volume of fuel from all said pumps for distributionto the engine cylinders .ina predetermined sequence, said plurality' ofpTfmp plungers'and cylinder assemblies nested about said pump plungerdriving. mecha-.

.nism and substantially equally radially spaced therefrom, said pumpplungers each having two ormore reciproca'tions per each completerotation thereof, said-group of pump plungers and cylinder assembliesbeing identically constructed and operatively timed with theassociatedengine to inject fuel successively to all said enginecylinders, the totalnumber of engine cylinders be- 'ing' a whole numbermultipleof the total number of pump. plunger and cylinder assemblies.

1-1. A fuel metering and pumping assembly for a multi-cylinder fuelinjection engine comprising, a housing provided with a plurality ofpumping cylinders each having a fuel inlet port and annularly spaced,outlet ports, a central source of fuel supplyconnecte'd with all saidinlet ports 7 I and including ai're'gulablefuel meter ng meanspperahle;,t 0 .meter the :fuel as same is supplied .cfltoiallfsaid pump'cylinder inlet ports, a pump:

' plungeroperablein each of said pump cylinders and provided. with fuelinlet and outlet pas- 7 sages cooperating ,withsaid pump cylinder inletand outlet ports, a common central'pump mechanism actuating all of saidpump plunger with a combined rotating and reciprocating motionxtppumpsaid metered volume of fuel and successively distribute same to saidpump-cylinder outlet'vpor'ts, said pump driving mechanism beingtiniedwith engine operation to successively discharge a metered volume of fuel"from .all saidpumps for distribution to the engine' cylindersinfapredetermined sequence, said pump'driving niechanismcomprlsingcammeans and spur gearing operatively connected with said pump plungers to.reciprocateandjrotate said pum'piplim ers relative to ajflnedaxiaisaid/cam the-same number of reciprocating cycles to'each of saidpump plungers for each complete rotation thereof as there are outletports in the associated pump cylinder.

12. A fuel injector for an even numbered multi-cylinder internalcombustion engine comprising a housing structure, driving means drivenby said engine and supported centrally of said housing, fuel pumpsnested about said driving means, said injector 'being provided with aplurality of. fuel.v pumps less in number than the numberof enginecylinders, the number of cylinders of the said engine being an integermultiple of the pumps, each fuel pump including a pump plunger havingasingle discharge port andsupported for combined rotation andreciprocation about a fixed axis extending substantially parallel to theaxis of the driving means, each of said fuel pumps having a plurality ofdischarge outlets which is the same as the said integer multiple,saiddriving, means being operable to rotate said pump plungers todeliver separate discharges of fuel from the several fuel pumpssuccessively and respectively to the pump discharge outlets, means forconnecting each of,

said-outletsrespectiVeIy to supply fuel to an engine cylinder, meanssupported by said housing structure for drivingly connecting each ofsaid pump plungers to said driving means, a

common fuel inlet means for all said fuelpumps,

and fuel metering means associated with .said fuel inlet means. l

e 13. A fuel metering and pumping assembly for a multi-cylinder fuelinjection engine comprising, a housing provided with a plurality ofpumping cylinders equal in number to the number of engine cylindersdivided by a whole numberinteger greater than one, each pumping cylinderhaving ajfuel inlet port and annularly spaced outlet ports, a centralsource of fuel supply connected with all said inlet ports and includinga regulable fuel metering meansoperable'to meter the fuel as same issupplied to,all said pump cylinder inlet ports, a pump plunger operablein each of said-pump cylindersand provided with fuel inlet and outletpassages cooperating with said pump cylinder inlet and outlet ports, anda common central pump driving mechanism'actuating all of said pumpplungers with a combined rotating and reciprocating motion to pump saidmetered volume of fuel and successively distribute same to said pumpcylinder; outlet ports. said pump driving mechanism being timed withengine operation to successively discharge a metered volume of ruel fromall said-pumps for distribution to the en ne cylinders in apredetermined sequence, saidpump plungers being operable to have anumber of. cycles of reciprocation per revolution thereof, whichis equalto the said integer to bring said plunger outlet port iii intosuccessive registration with .said cylinder outlet ports, 'said pumpplunger having fuel inlet means constructed and arranged toregister withsaid cylinder intake port during the suction movement of the plunger,said pump plunger being further constructed and arranged for theoutletpassage thereof to register subcessively with the several outlet portsof the associated punippylinder vduring successive discharge movec Imentsofsaidplunger. Y meansbeing c'onst cted and artangedito impart mcant-n pron.

